Dimensions
Cut lengths
| Steel grade |
Thickness mm |
Width mm |
Length m |
| Raex 300 |
2.50 - 8.00 |
1000 - 1650 |
2 - 12 |
| Raex 400 |
2.50 - 6.40 |
1000 - 1650 |
2 - 12 |
| Raex 450 |
3.00 - 6.40 |
1000 - 1650 |
2 - 12 |
| Raex 500 |
4.00 - 5.00 |
1000 - 1550 |
2 - 12 |
Maximum width of each steel grade depends on the thickness.
Heavy plates
| Steel grade |
Thickness mm |
Width mm |
Length m |
| Raex 400 |
6.00 - 40.00 |
1700 - 3300 |
2 - 12 1) |
| Raex 450 |
6.00 - 40.00 |
1700 - 3300 |
2 - 12 1) |
| Raex 500 |
6.00 - 40.00 |
1700 - 3300 |
2 - 12 1) |
Maximum width of each steel grade depends on the thickness.
1) Plates with lengths (12) to 16 metres are available subject to special agreement.
Tolerances
Tolerances on dimensions and shapes
Heavy plates:
- Thickness EN 10029 Class A
- Width and length EN 10029
- Flatness EN 10029, Class N normal tolerances on flatness, steel type H
Cut lengths:
- Thickness, width and length EN 10051
- Flatness EN 10029 Class N, steel type H
Tolerances on thickness according to the EN 10051:2010 category A.
Download dimensional and shape tolerances for hot rolled steels
Surface quality
Cut lengths are delivered in as-rolled condition.
Heavy plates can be delivered as-rolled or in shop-primed condition.
Surface quality: EN 10163-2 Class A3.
Download information about shop primed plates
Properties
Delivery condition
The delivery condition of Raex steel is hardened.
Hardness values
| Steel grade |
Thickness mm |
Hardness (HBW) |
Product shape |
| Raex 300 |
2.5 - 8.0 |
270 - 390 |
Cut lengths |
| Raex 400 |
2.5 - 6.4 |
360 - 440 |
Cut lengths |
| Raex 400 |
6 - 30 |
360 - 440 |
Heavy plates |
| Raex 400 |
30.01 - 40 |
360 - 480 |
Heavy plates |
| Raex 450 |
3.0 - 6.4 |
420 - 500 |
Cut lengths |
| Raex 450 |
6 - 30 |
420 - 500 |
Heavy plates |
| Raex 450 |
30.01 - 40 |
420 - 520 |
Heavy plates |
| Raex 500 |
4.0 - 5.0 |
450 - 540 |
Cut lengths |
| Raex 500 |
6 - 40 |
450 - 540 |
Heavy plates |
Materials testing
Hardness is measured in Brinell units (HBW) in compliance with EN ISO 6506-1 on a milled surface 0.3–2 mm below plate surface. The measurement depth is determined on the basis of product form and plate thickness.
Typical mechanical properties
| Steel grade |
Yield strength
Rp0,2 MPa
|
Tensile strength
Rm MPa
|
Elongation A5% |
Impact strength
Charpy V 20 J
|
| Raex 300 |
900 |
1000 |
11 |
- 40 C |
| Raex 400 |
1000 |
1250 |
10 |
- 40 C |
| Raex 450 |
1200 |
1450 |
8 |
- 40 C |
| Raex 500 |
1250 |
1600 |
8 |
- 30 C |
Chemical composition
| |
Content % maximum (cast analysis) |
|
|
|
|
| Steel grade |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
B |
| Raex 300 |
0.18 |
0.80 |
1.70 |
0.025 |
0.015 |
1.50 |
1.00 |
0.50 |
0.005 |
| Raex 400 |
0.25 |
0.80 |
1.70 |
0.025 |
0.015 |
1.50 |
1.00 |
0.50 |
0.005 |
| Raex 450 |
0.26 |
0.80 |
1.70 |
0.025 |
0.015 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.50 |
0.005 |
| Raex 500 |
0.30 |
0.80 |
1.70 |
0.025 |
0.015 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.50 |
0.005 |
In addition, aluminium (Al), niobium (Nb), vanadium (V) and/or titanium (Ti) can be used as micro-alloy material.
Typical carbon equivalent values (CEV)
CEV = C + Mn / 6 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 + (Ni + Cu) / 15
| Steel grade |
Thickness mm |
CEV |
Product shape |
| Raex 300 |
2.5 - 8 |
0.46 |
Cut length |
| Raex 400 |
2.5 - 4 |
0.48 |
Cut length |
| Raex 400 |
4.01 - 6.4 |
0.53 |
Cut length |
| Raex 400 |
6 - 20 |
0.42 |
Heavy plate |
| Raex 400 |
20.01 - 30 |
0.50 |
Heavy plate |
| Raex 400 |
30.01 - 40 |
0.56 |
Heavy plate |
| Raex 450 |
3 - 6.4 |
0.52 |
Cut length |
| Raex 450 |
6 - 30 |
0.47 |
Heavy plate |
| Raex 450 |
30.01 - 40 |
0.57 |
Heavy plate |
| Raex 500 |
4 - 5 |
0.54 |
Cut length |
| Raex 500 |
6 - 40 |
0.57 |
Heavy plate |
Prefabrication services
Shop-primed plates
Shop priming gives steel temporary corrosion protection for the transport period, short-term storing and workshop processing. In engineering workshop operation it improves the cleanliness of working environment and occupational safety. Cutting and welding shopprimed plates is easy. Moreover, the adherence of spatters on the steel structure is significantly decreased.
Read more about shop primed plates
Flat cut shapes
Using flat cut shapes, the manufacture and throughput time of installation will decrease. The customer will receive the needed components ready for installation, and can thus avoid unnecessary material and storing costs. If ordered, the products are delivered as shop-primed, bevelled and bent.
Read more about flat cut shapes
Processing instructions
Welding and thermal cutting
The weldability of Raex steels has been developed to the top class among wear-resistant steels on the market. Practical welding instructions for the Raex 400, Raex 450 and Raex 500 grades are presented on the separate technical brochure. Moreover, the brochure specifies the special features regarding thermal cutting of Raex steels.
Download Technical brochure Welding and thermal cutting of Raex steels
Cold forming
Raex 300/400/450 steels can be cold formed up to the thickness of 20 mm, see the table below. Forming temperature must be a minimum of +20°C and a maximum of +200°C.
Standard values for free bending and flanging
|
Steel grade
|
Thickness (mm) |
Free bending < 90°
Plunger radius or curvature /
plate thickness R/t
Bend line position vs. rolling direction
|
Gap width /
plate thickness W/t
|
Bending to 90° W/t V channel
|
|
|
Transverse |
Longitudinal |
Transverse |
Longitudinal |
|
| Raex 300 |
2.50 - 8.00 |
3 |
3 |
9 |
9 |
≈15 |
| Raex 400 |
2.50 - 20.00 |
3 |
4 |
9 |
11 |
≈15 |
| Raex 450 |
3.00 - 20.00 |
4 |
5 |
11 |
13 |
≈15 |
| Raex 500 |
5.00 - 20.00 |
≈10 |
≈12 |
23 |
27 |
|
It is recommended to consult Ruukki Technical Customer Service when bending Raex 500 steel or plates thicker than 20 mm.
More detailed instructions for flanging are presented in the technical brochure:
Download flanging and forming instructions
Heat treatment
Hardened steels are not intended to be heat treated. Tempering in the maximum temperature of 200 °C is the only heat treatment which will maintain the abrasion resistance properties of the plate at a good level. Heat treatment in higher temperatures decreases the strength, hardness and abrasion resistance properties of steels.
Drilling
Raex 400 and Raex 450 can be drilled with HSS drills. For drilling of Raex 500, hard metal drills are recommended. General instructions for drilling of wear-resistant steels are:
- The drilling machine has to be rigid and stable in order to minimize vibrations
- Clamp the work piece securely and close to the area to be machined
- Short-hole drills (DIN 1897) are recommended
- The service life of the drilling tool can be prolonged by decreasing the feed
- Provide an abundant supply of cutting fluid
Download information about machining
Mechanical cutting
Hardened steels can be cut mechanically. This is, however, challenging because the plate is almost as hard as the cutting blade. High shear force is needed due to the high tensile strength of the steel. High surface pressures during cutting are directed at the blade, which increases wear. The most recommended cutting tool is a straight cutting tool.
The most important cutting parameters are blade clearance and blade angle. The hardness of the blade is of great importance. Raex 300/400/450 steels can be cut with heavy-duty cutting machines, but the hardness of the cutting blade must exceed 53 HRC. The mechanical cutting of Raex 500 steel can be recommended only with certain reservations, and then only at thicknesses of less than 10 mm and blade hardness over 57 HRC.
Mechanical cutting of Raex 400 steels, guideline values
|
Plate thickness
mm t
|
Blade clearance
mm U
|
Angle of tilt
α°
|
Angle of skew
λ°
|
Shearing force a x 103 N
|
| 6 |
0.60 – 0.72 |
3 – 4 |
0 – 3 |
150 – 200 |
| 8 |
0.80 – 1.28 |
3 – 5 |
0 – 5 |
250 – 350 |
| 10 |
1.00 – 1.80 |
4 – 6 |
0 – 5 |
300 – 450 |
| 12 |
1.20 – 2.16 |
4 – 6 |
0 – 5 |
400 – 600 |
Download information about mechanical cutting
Download information about thermal cutting and flame straightening
Occupational safety
Special care must be taken in all stages of handling hardened steels. Flanging is challenging due to the high strength and high flexural stresses of the plate. If the bending radius, for example, is too small and a crack is created in the bending point, the plate may fly from the bending tool in the direction of the bend.
Those bending the plate must take appropriate precautions to protect themselves and no unauthorised persons must be allowed in the area. The safest location is usually by the bending machine. The handling instructions of the steel supplier and safety instructions of the workshop must be adhered to in detail. New employees must receive appropriate training before they are allowed to process hardened steels.
Order & delivery
Delivery condition
The delivery condition of Raex steel is hardened.
Inspection document
On the customer’s request, either a Test report 2.2 or Inspection certificate 3.1 in compliance with EN 10204 is granted to Raex steels. The inspection document states the chemical composition of steel based on cast analysis and hardness in delivery condition.
Download information about inspection documents
General delivery information for hot-rolled steels
General delivery information for hot rolled steels can be found from documents Markings and packing, Ultra-sonic testing and General terms of sale.
Download information about markings and packing
Download information about ultrasonic testing
Download general conditions of sale